In statically indeterminate prestressed concrete structures, prestressing force produces secondary Moment in addition to primary Moment due to eccentricity. This condition is different from statically determinate structures where there is no secondary Moment effect and the Moment due to prestressing is due to primary Moment only, i.e., prestressing force times eccentricity. With the presence of secondary Moment, prestressing force design becomes more complex, because the secondary Moment is a function of prestressing force and the geometry of the structures. In addition, considering that in general the cable profile is parabolic or another type of curves, which also occurs at continuous supports, the load balancing method may not be used. To cope with this problem Moment due to prestressing force is assumed to be the prestressing force times a b coefficient. In statically determinate structures the b coefficient equals the cable eccentricity to the center of gravity of the section. Therefore, the b coefficient can be considered as a statically indeterminate eccentricity. By assigning that the Moment due to prestressing force as a function of prestressing force and by considering the allowable stress requirements at top and bottom fibers, equations can be derived to compute the prestressing force in statically indeterminate structures. From the derived equations, the upper and lower bounds of prestressing force can be determined if the section satisfy the requirements. If the optimum prestressing force is needed, the difference of lower and upper bounds should be minimum. Nevertheless, the difference of lower and upper bounds can be considered as a safety level. At the end of the paper examples are presented to show the application of the proposed method.

The assessment of structures' residual strength and stiffness right after experiencing strong ground motions is a vital concern. Different studies detect seismic damage successfully but assessing extent of the damage have limitations as the damage has been modeled as abrupt change, location of the damage should be known in advance or frequency and stiffness analysis are needed. This study presents a novel method that uses a damage-sensitive parameter to capture the extent of damage that gradually developed caused by earthquakes. It is calculated by the normalized wavelet decomposition. The method quantifies the extent of seismic damage along with the structural performance levels of Immediate Occupancy and Collapse Prevention. The damage-sensitive parameter depends more on earthquake properties than on structure properties. Among PGA, PGA/PGV, and Impulsivity Index (IP), the damage sensitive parameter relates to the Impulsivity Index (IP) of the ground motions. This method only depends on the structural response histories

The hydrodynamic coefficients of underwater manipulators constantly change during their operation. In this study, the hydrodynamic coefficients of an underwater manipulator were calculated using the finite volume method to better explain its hydrodynamic performance. The drag, lift, and Moment coefficients and the Strouhal number of an underwater manipulator for different postures were investigated. The results indicated that in each motion range, the coefficients first increase and then decrease. Meanwhile, when the attitude of the underwater manipulator is axis-symmetric or origin-symmetric, the hydrodynamic coefficients and the Strouhal number obtained are approximately the identical. The drag coefficient, lift coefficient and Moment coefficient reach their maximum values of 3. 59, 3. 29, and 1. 78 at angles of 30°, 150°, and 150°, respectively， with minimum values at 90°, 50° and-30°. Furthermore, the leading-edge shape of the underwater manipulator had a significant effect on the hydrodynamic coefficient. Maximum reductions of 44%, 25%, and 50. 5% were obtained in the drag, lift, and Moment coefficients, respectively, by comparing the semicircular leading edge with the right-angle leading edge. A maximum Strouhal number of 0. 219 was obtained when the semicircular leading edge of the underwater manipulator was the upstream surface. This study will provide theoretical guidance to reveal the hydrodynamic performance of the underwater manipulators. It also serves as a reference for the structural design of the underwater manipulators.

Progressive collapse studies generally assess the performance of the structure under gravity and blast loads, while earthquakes may also lead to the progressive collapse of a damaged structure. In this study, the progressive collapse response of concentrically braced dual systems with steel Moment-resisting frames was assessed under seismic loads through pushover analysis using triangular and uniform lateral load patterns. Two different bracing types (X and inverted V braces) were considered, and their performances were compared under different lateral load patterns using the nonlinear static alternate path method recommended in the Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) guideline. Eventually, the seismic progressive collapse resistance of models was compared to their progressive collapse response under gravity loads. These studies showed that models under the seismic progressive collapse loads satisfied UFC acceptance criteria and limited rehabilitation objective. The structures had better performance under seismic progressive collapse than models under gravity loads because of more resistance, ductility, suitable load redistribution, and more structural elements that participated in load redistribution. Furthermore, despite studies on progressive collapse under gravity loads, the dual system with X braces showed better progressive collapse performance (more resistance, residual reserve strength ratio and ductility) under seismic loads than the model with inverted V braces.

The degree of agreement between two or more judges who rate a number of objects on certain characteristics can be expressed by means of an association coefficient (e. g., product Moment correlation, PMC). The agreement among judges can rarely be perfect. If two judges produce two identical sets of scores the PMS will attain its maximum value, which equals + 1. However, a PMC that equals + 1 does not mean that the two sets of data are exactly equal. Different judges actually make judgments only based on the relative states of individuals, objects, or phenomena, and not based on their absolute states. This article aims to introduce association coefficients that are indicative of the degree to which there is an absolute agreement and real similarity among the ratings by different judges. Some properties of the PMC in specific situations may be undesirable.Many association coefficients have been purposed for those situations, many of which belong to the class of Euclidian coefficients. A discussion of the desirable properties of these coefficients demonstrates that how the identity coefficient and its generalizations can be used to assess the interrater agreements.

When a primary structural element fails due to sudden load such as explosion, the building undergoes progressive collapse. The method for design of Moment connections during progressive collapse is different to seismic design of Moment connections. Because in this case, the axial force on the connections makes it behave differently. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performance of a variety of Moment connections in preventing progressive collapse in steel Moment frames. To achieve this goal, three prequalified Moment connections (BSEEP, BFP and WUP-W) were designed according to seismic codes. These Moment connections were analysed numerically using ABAQUS software for progressive collapse. The results show that the BFP connection (bolted flange plate) has capacity much more than other connections because of the use of plates at the junction of beam-column.

Introduction: According to Kuhn, substitution of one paradigm to another is the main development in science. Our focus in the current research was to focus on affective theory of industrial organizational psychology in job satisfaction domain namely affective events theory (AET).AET compensates neglect of affect and de-emphasizes an affect component of job satisfaction. This theory emphasizes affect on an equal footing with cognitive evaluations, hypothesizes different antecedents for cognitive evaluations versus affect, and hypothesizes different sets of behaviors as consequences of individual differences in affect as contrasted with cognitive evaluations. AET hypothesizes links between job affect and spontaneous, short term behaviors.Affect is defined conceptually as individuals' emotional reactions to their jobs and to the events that happen on their jobs. The feelings to the job are modified by events that occur on the job during the day. In the current research the events in the job were designed experimentally. It is hypothesized that job events have influence on job satisfaction at the Moment, namely Moment job satisfaction and also on overall evaluation of job satisfaction which is called delayed job satisfaction.Moment affect consists of two measures of affect, namely Positive Affect (PA) and Negative Affect (NA) in the conceptual model of the current research. These components of affect emerge at the Moment of the event are very important. While Positive Affect (PA) and Negative Affect (NA) can be considered as traits so that positive affect (PA) characterizes individuals predisposed to experience jovality, self-assurance, and attentiveness; Negative affect (NA) characterizes individuals predisposed to experience fear, sadness, quit and hostility. In the current research we emphasize on PA and NA as both states and traits. The former concept of PA and NA operationalized via experience sampling method (ESM) by measuring several times a day immediately after the event.Research Questions: Researchers formulated four hypothysis to respond to corresponding research questions as follows: First hypothesis:There is a relation between positive affect and negative affect (trait affect) and Moment job satisfaction.Second Hypothesis: The Moment affect states (Positive and Negative) moderate the relation between affect trait (Positive and Negative) and Momentjob satisfaction.Third hypothesis: Intra-individual Moment affect (as a dynamic and state affect) predicts at the Moment job satisfaction (MJS) so that a) Positive mood affect directly influences MJS and b) the relation between negative mood affect (State) and JMS is negative.Fourth Hypothesis: After some time the influence of intra-individual Moment mood on job satisfaction is weakened. Method: Participants:Participants were 82 persons from middle managers and high technician engineers of one big organization in Tehran. Because of several distribution of instruments a day, researchers encountered a 28 percent of mortality in the sample, so at the end of research the sample was 59 persons.Instruments: The first instrument was Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) that has desirable reliability and validity (Tellegan, Watson and Clark, 1999). This instrument contains 40 items (20 items for positive and 20 items for negative affect).Each item was considered four times namely, past, present, future and overall affection. The instrument was administered on coworker or spouse of responder to assess PA- NA Trait.Tellegen et al (1999) suggested that mood or emotion maybe scored as independent PA and NA traits via rotation of axes within the traditional mood circumplex.Researchers used the same instrument for the PA-NA states, but with different instructions. Participants themselves indicated their affection at the Moment of responding while for the trait significant other responded to instruments. The second instrument was Brayfield and Rothe's index of job satisfaction (1951). This instrument assessed overall job satisfaction (not component job satisfaction such as JDS).The instruments have 18 items with five choices, in the one pole completely agree and in another pole completely disagree. Moment job satisfaction and delay job satisfaction was measured with the same instrument but different instructions. Participants responded their satisfaction at the Moment for the former that administered immediately after the event. While the latter was measured by passing hours after the event. The procedure of administration required attendance of researchers to give assistance three of four times a day to the participants to take the instruments.Statistical~ethods: For the first hypothesis the Pearson correlation coefficient and for the second hypothesis the OLS regression analysis were used. To analyze interindividual and intra-individual effects on job satisfaction, the hierarchical linear regression model was used (Byrk and Roudenbush (1992).Results: The first hypothesis was partially confirmed. Findings indicate that there is a significant positive relation between trait positive affect and Moment job satisfaction (P<O/05), but the current research did not yield any relations between negative affect and Moment job satisfaction.Hierarchical regression analysis shows that trait positive affect can predict Moment job satisfaction while trait negative affect can not, so only state positive affect can moderate the relation between trait and Moment job satisfaction. For the analysis in the first block of HLM the trait variables enter. For the third hypothesis inter-individual mood score variance was omitted.The average of participant mood scores for state mood was used as a predictor variable and Moment job satisfaction was used as the criterion variable. The third hypothesis was completely confirmed. Positive and negative poles of mood (state) simultaneously predict job satisfaction.The fourth hypothesis was also confirmed by four separate analysis (time t+ 1 was 2/75 hour after the first assessment, time t+2 5/50 hour after the second measurement and the day after, for the last assessment).Discussion: The current research has four main aspects. first it reinforced the affect paradigm in I/O psychology. Second its empirical data confirmed affective events theory (AET), the newborn theory of job satisfaction which differs on model, variables and focus from antecedents theories.Third in the current research for the first time researchers used event sampling method (ESM) to pay researchers' attention to this method so to enrich their work with this view. The last major contribution of the current research was the difference between state and trait assessment of positive and negative affect that was neglected in job satisfaction research in Iran.

Though the meaning of time seems to be the same for all people, it becomes a complicated, important and relative concept in mysticism which cannot be grasped easily because each mystic understands and interprets it differently depending on the states he experiences, even the same mystic may have diverse interpretations of it in various states and conditions. This paper aims to investigate the Sufi’s definitions of this concept as well as Hafiz’s understandings of it at the climax of the beauties and delicacies of Persian mystical poetry in the eighth (A.H) century.In the famous pedagogical texts of mysticism, Moment is a mystical term which has been discussed under the jargon of Sufism. Though there are different implications and expressions about Moment in the mystical texts depending on the states and discourses of mystics and Sufis, they all enjoy similar meaning approximately. However, in the view of Hafiz, this concept has unique characteristics due to his thought and use of mystical teachings in his poems to the extent that this concept is manifested in his poetry in a vast number of forms and meanings.In this article, first, the nature of Moment and its relation with the concept of time is discussed and, then, via a terminological approach which is based on exploring the evolution of this concept, the introduction and review of literature are presented. Then, Hafiz’s view and understanding of time and his special attention to the Self Moment in his mystical thought and experience is explicated and, while categorizing the Moment of Hafiz and its various grades regarding poetic evidence in his Divan, the difference between the Moment of Hafiz and others as well as how the sweet affair of loving and drunkenness seats the thought and poems of Hafiz on a position superior to others are shown.